No Data Found
Cananga odorata
Kenanga, Ilang-Ilang, Ylang Ylang, Cananga, Nyai
High Sensitivity
| Species Name | Cananga odorata |
|---|---|
| Common Name | Kenanga, Ilang-Ilang, Ylang Ylang, Cananga, Nyai |
| Family | Annonaceae |
| Genus | Cananga |
| Taxonomic Synonyms/Past Names | |
| Taxonomic Notes |
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Species Information
1. Description
- Evergreen tree up to 30 m tall with an irregular crown and stiff spreading branches. Leaves 8-20 cm long, often drooping, oblong to narrowly ovate with a tapering tip. Flowers up to 8 cm long, pale green turning yellow, very fragrant at flower maturity, in short, unbranched clusters. Fruits are 1.5-2.5 cm long on individual stalks, arranged in a dense cluster, dark green ripening blackish.
2. Tree Size
Medium (10-15 m), Large (>15 m)
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Small (4-10 m) (0)
Medium (10-15 m) (1)
Large (>15 m) (1)
Unknown (0)
3. Full Distribution
- Widely distributed from India throughout Southeast Asia to Northern Australia. It is often cultivated for its fragrant flowers.
4. Habitat and Ecology
- Forest margins in lowland forests
5. Altitude (in meters)
- Data Deficient
6. Landscape Type
Blue-green Corridors, Small Urban Green Spaces
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Urban Streets (0)
Blue-green Corridors (1)
Small Urban Green Spaces (1)
Coastal Fronts (0)
Unknown (0)
7. IUCN Conservation Status
Least Concern
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Not Evaluated (0)
Data Deficient (0)
Least Concern (1)
Near Threatened (0)
Vulnerable (0)
Endangered (0)
Critically Endangered (0)
Extinct in the Wild (0)
Extinct (0)
Unknown (0)
8. Malaysian Red List from MyBIS
Not Evaluated
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Not Evaluated (1)
Not Applicable (0)
Data Deficient (0)
Least Concern (0)
Near Threatened (0)
Vulnerable (0)
Endangered (0)
Critically Endangered (0)
Regionally Extinct (0)
Extinct in the Wild (0)
Extinct (0)
Unknown (0)
9. Are more than 100 individuals available in local nurseries?
Yes
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Yes (1)
No (0)
Unknown (0)
10. How would you characterise the growth rate of this species?
Fast
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Fast (1)
Medium (0)
Slow (0)
Unknown (0)
- Its growth exceeds 5 m (16 ft) per year, and it attains an average height of 12 m (39 ft) in an ideal climate.
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11. Does this species have an invasive root system?
- It has fibrous roots. Complaints of the roots damaging structures are rare.
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12. Is this species damaging or does it have staining resin or sap?
No
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Yes (0)
No (1)
Unknown (0)
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- It does not have resin or latex [1]
13. Does this species produce large and/or staining fruits?
No
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Yes (0)
No (1)
Unknown (0)
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- Its fruits are fleshy, small, 1.5-2 cm long, borne in axillary clusters, ripening dark green to black. No staining. [1]
14. Does this species produce substances in its bark, leaves, fruits and/or seeds that are poisonous or harmful to humans?
No
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Yes (0)
No (1)
Unknown (0)
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- It has medicinal properties, not poisonous. [1]
15. Does this species have specific lighting requirements?
Full sun, Partial shade
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Full sun (1)
Partial sun & shade (0)
Full shade (0)
Partial shade (1)
Unknown (0)
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16. How would you characterise the air pollution tolerance of this species?
Low
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Low (1)
Medium (0)
High (0)
Unknown (0)
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17. How would you characterise the soil pollution tolerance of this species?
Low
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Low (1)
Medium (0)
High (0)
Unknown (0)
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18. Does this species have specific soil ph requirements?
Yes
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Yes (1)
No (0)
Unknown (0)
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- pH of 5.0-6.5 [1]
19. Does this species have specialised habitat requirements?
No
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Yes (0)
No (1)
Unknown (0)
- Grows in full or partial sun and prefers the acidic soils of its native rainforest habitat. Cultivated in temperate climates under conservatory conditions. Suitable for various habitats so long as they have well-drained soil. Specimens in Kepong Botanic Gardens, Selangor, did not do well in wet areas.
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20. Does this species occur/survive in habitats prone to saltwater intrusion?
No
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Yes (0)
No (1)
Unknown (0)
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21. Does this species occur/survive at locations that experience high temperatures?
Yes
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Yes (1)
No (0)
Unknown (0)
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- Widely distributed in India. [1]
22. Can this species tolerate inundation for >1 month?
No
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Yes (0)
No (1)
Unknown (0)
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23. Can this species tolerate water absence for >1 month?
No
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Yes (0)
No (1)
Unknown (0)
- Tolerates water absence but for less than one month. Needs moderately dry conditions to maintain tree fertility and flower production. Specimens planted in a dry area survived but still needed watering. Occurs in Perlis and Kedah.
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24. Can this species tolerate storm conditions (e.g., strong winds)?
No
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Yes (0)
No (1)
Unknown (0)
- It has brittle branches and does not handle strong winds well. However, it regrows vigorously even after heavy wind damage.
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25. Does this species have specific humidity requirements?
No
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Yes (0)
No (1)
Unknown (0)
- Does well in Malaysia's climate. Needs at least moderately dry conditions to maintain flower production and extra watering as the dry season approaches.
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26. Is this species highly prone to predation, parasitism, and/or disease?
No
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Yes (0)
No (1)
Unknown (0)
No Data Found
- Stem borers, flower-eating beetles, and insects that cause the leaves to wilt have been reported. [1]
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27. Please provide any additional information for this species in the context of climate change resilience and/or vulnerability.
-
Insufficient Data
28. Does this species have biodiversity value (e.g., provides food or habitat, or increases landscape connectivity for urban fauna)?
Yes
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Yes (1)
No (0)
Unknown (0)
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- It is an important food item for birds, such as the collared imperial pigeon, purple-tailed imperial pigeon, Zoe's imperial pigeon, superb fruit-dove, pink-spotted fruit-dove, coroneted fruit-dove, orange-bellied fruit-dove, and wompoo fruit-dove. The Sulawesi red-knobbed hornbill is an effective seed disperser for Cananga odorata. Bats, monkeys, and squirrels also eat the fruits. It is often used for aromatherapy due to its fragrant flowers. It is also used for rainforest regeneration in Australia due to its fast growth and ability to attract birds and bats to its fruit. [1]
29. Does this species have cultural value or provide products that are of some use to humans?
Yes
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Yes (1)
No (0)
Unknown (0)
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- The flowers are used in baths and spiritual ceremonies. In Indonesia, they are spread onto the beds of newlywed couples. In the Philippines, they are strung into necklaces with those of the Sampaguita, worn by women and used to adorn religious images. Has medicinal uses: The bark is used in traditional medicine to treat stomach problems, and the dried flowers treat malaria. The essential oils and extracts of the plant have proven anti-microbial, anti-inflammatory, and insect-repellent properties, amongst other bioactivities. Essential oil from the flowers is used in aromatherapy and the cosmetic, food, and fragrance industries. [1]
No Data Found
- The flowers are used in baths and spiritual ceremonies. In Indonesia, they are spread onto the beds of newlywed couples. In the Philippines, they are strung into necklaces with those of the Sampaguita, worn by women and used to adorn religious images. Has medicinal uses: The bark is used in traditional medicine to treat stomach problems, and the dried flowers treat malaria. The essential oils and extracts of the plant have proven anti-microbial, anti-inflammatory, and insect-repellent properties, amongst other bioactivities. Essential oil from the flowers is used in aromatherapy and the cosmetic, food, and fragrance industries. [2]
Contributors: anonymous
Last Updated: 2023-03-15
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